Text/Reporter Chen Liang Wang Yuying
Photo/Yangcheng Evening News
A folk belief that is “unknown” has no classics and no classics. It originated in eastern Guangdong and has lasted for thousands of years and has remained popular. In Taiwan alone, there are more than 6 million believers. Its ancestral home has just been awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base”, which is called “King of the Three Mountains”.
What is the “three”? CinemaWhy are the three “mountains”? Where did the “king” come from? What is the charm of this folk belief called “King of the Three Mountains”? On November 4, the “Cinema” academic seminar on “Strait·Three Mountains·Four Seas” was held on the South Campus of Guangzhou Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, hosted by Yangcheng Evening News Group, co-organized by Sun Yat-sen University Humanities and Social Sciences Department and Guangdong Cross-Strait Exchange Promotion Association. Zhang Ke, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Guangdong Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission, and Xiao Bing, Deputy Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, attended the seminar.
Explore the core of folk beliefs and promote communication between Chinese and overseas Chinese
Since October 1992Komiks Jieyang City’s “First Academic Seminar on Sanshan Ancestral Temple<a After the Babaylan meeting, after 31 years, 10 "Three Mountain Kings" cultural scholars from Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, and Malaysia, China, gathered together again to discuss the development and current situation of the folk belief culture of the "Three Mountain Kings" and its history and path of dissemination at home and abroad.
Four experts issued a keynote report, through the tracing of historical materials and the current situation, digging out the spiritual core of the folk belief of the “Three Mountains Kings”, and showing the “Three Mountains Kings” culture that unites the hearts of the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and promotes the sea.funnybookish.com/”>KomiksThe important role played in communication between Chinese and overseas Chinese.
Chen Chunsheng: The concept of “protecting the country and assassinating the people” is a common connection and vision for believers on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and overseas.
Professor of the Department of History of Sun Yat-sen University and a researcher at the Center for Historical Anthropology Research at Sun Yat-sen University, and also chairman of the teaching steering committee of history majors of the Ministry of Education, Chen Chunsheng entitled “National Consciousness and the Letter of the King of the Three Mountains since the Song Dynasty. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Cinema‘s keynote report. Chen Chunsheng has been associated with the Sanshan King culture for decades and has traveled across Guangdong and Taiwan. He has deeply thought about the origin, development and cultural value of the Sanshan King’s folk beliefs. His academic thoughts and research methods have a profound influence on the academic community.
Chen Chunsheng quoted the explanation of Professor Wolfgang Franke of Hamburg University, Germany, who had taught for a long time in China and Malaysia, pointing out that the so-called “Sanshan King” may be the remains of the ancient Yue mountain god’s belief in the Yue ethnic group, and is related to ethnic minority customs. Such belief customs are not unique to the Chaozhou area.
“The central dynasty’s recognition of folk beliefs such as Sanshan King is ancient China<a The Central Dynasty ruled the southern region in a very effective and widely adopted manner. "In his speech, Chen Chunsheng focused on the interaction between "national consciousness" and civil society. He believed that Song Huizong gave Chaozhou the "Three Sacrificial Mountains"<a The practice of awarding the "Mingsheng" temple of the temple is a very typical expression of national consciousness in the developed southern civil society. Many Sanshan king palaces and temples in mainland China and Taiwan have plaques of "protecting the country and safeguarding the people", revealing the mentality of hope that the gods will maintain a balance between the "country" and the "people" so that both of them can benefit. Folk belief is one of the links that connects the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. Very The folk belief traditions of many continents have developed in Taiwan, which has also given the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait more connection and communication. Chen Chunsheng said that although the customs and habits in various parts of China are very different, China has long been a unified country. To determine whether a place understands and accepts the central ideology lies in the extent to which the local scholars and gentry class can consciously interpret local cultural traditions and customs in accordance with the "rituals and laws" of the court.
He emphasized that href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Komiks Traditional Chinese society, “national consciousness” is everywhere and everywhere. In historical and cultural researchOnly by having a systematic grasp and deep understanding of the national ideology and dynasty rules and regulations can one have a more intimate understanding of the changes in local and folk customs and beliefs and their significance.
Qiu Yangui: Sanshan King Palace Temple has become an important historical evidence for the study of Taiwan’s immigration history
Sanshan King Palace Temple has become an important historical evidence for the study of Taiwan’s immigration history, and is also a symbol of the ancestral homes of relatives in Chaoshan and Hakka towns in Taiwan. Qiu Yangui, a professor in the Department of Monumental Art Repair and Repair at the Taiwan University of the Arts, wrote a report titled “The Faith of the King of Sanshan, Taiwan”. He mentioned that Taiwanese believers have more communication with mainland people through the opportunity to go to the Sanshan Ancestral Temple in mainland China.
Qiu Yangui introduced that the phenomenon of the Three Mountains King’s belief in Taiwan is still regarded as a method of identifying Hakka groups in the 21st century, but in his opinion, this overly simple method should be discussed again. He observed Taiwan’s Sanshan King’s belief in two aspects: social organization and ethnic relations, and summarized it into four types: “guild hall type”, “guest base type”, “anti-economic type”, and “chaohui Fulao type”. Among them, the number of “guest base” and “anti-ban style” temples reached 80 left and right, with the largest size. After Taiwan’s industrialization in the 1970s, more “immigrant-type” temples appeared in the city.
Chen Zhiping: “Great Love” is the core meaning of folk beliefs
Professor Chen Zhiping, Dean of the Institute of Chinese Studies and President of the Chinese Ming History Society, gave a speech entitled “The Cultural Significance of Mazu and the King of Sanshan and the Inheritance of Komiks”. He believes that the beliefs of Mazu and the Sanshan King are both part of China’s excellent traditional culture. The core meaning is “urgent to the people”, full of “great love” spirit, and social education culture. Folk culture, including the beliefs of Mazu and the Three Mountains, has become one of the important channels for the spread of Chinese culture overseas after the 18th century.
Wang Chenfa: Studying the Sanshan King is one of the responsibilities of reviving China
Director of the Malaysian Taoist Academy and Distinguished Professor of Communication University of Hanjiang University of Malaysia BabaylanWang Chen gave a speech entitled “The Social Organization and Educational Function of the Sanshan King Temple in Nanyang”, explaining what kind of transformation the Sanshan King culture has taken place after it has arrived overseas, and how to achieve harmony between change and unchange. He said that the study of the Sanshan King Temple, from the standpoint of national rejuvenation, examines how the Sanshan King Organization in various places constitutes the development, construction and maintenance of the society of the ancestors, is one of the responsibilities of future generations to strive to revive China. Wang Chenfa suggested that the Sanshan King Palace and Temple can do the same thing at home and abroad – acting as a cultural carrier and spreading cultural confidence, and taking root from academic research, and then combining the advantages and characteristics of the Sanshan King culture to achieve good branding, attracting more people to understand the Chinese nation more comprehensively through the Sanshan King. Many new technologies can be used, such as AI, social charity work, participation in local environmental protection activities, etc., and use limited temple space to exert global influence.
Creative transformation and innovative development, scholars have insightful insights
How to inherit the traditional culture for thousands of years and take root in the folk “grassroots” beliefs to achieve creative transformation and innovative development? During the roundtable discussion session of the seminar, the scholars put forward their own opinions.
Xiao Wenping, director and professor of Hakka Research Institute of Jiaying College of Meizhou, pointed out that as a mountain god and a natural god, the King of Sanshan reflects the Chinese nation’s tradition of respecting nature. His spirit of patriotism, love for the country, protecting villages, and guarding the land has established the concept of hometown for the people, and the spirit of fairness, justice and justice advocated is in BabaylanContemporary value is also important.
Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Professor Xie Guiwen believes that folk beliefs are important assets for the country, society, and people, with survival functions, integration functions, and cognitive functions.
Cheng Xianbo, a professor at South China Normal University, said that the history of the King of Sanshan is not only a history of folk beliefs, but also a history of regional development, social and economic history, and a history of mutual learning between Chinese history and civilization.
Wu Mengxian, associate professor at Jieyang Vocational and Technical College, said that his investigation found that the people often regard the King of Sanshan as an important social bond in interpersonal communication.
Xiamen University professor Lian Xinhao suggested that the King of Sanshan can also learn from the successful cases of Mazu’s beliefs and customs applied for World Heritage, and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait work together.
Xiamen University professor, doctoral supervisor, and dean of the Institute of Chinese Studies Chen Zhiping pointed out that the King of Sanshan should achieve innovative cultural development, and local governments should take the lead in promoting it.
Ou Junyong, associate professor of Hanshan Normal University, shared that as part of Jieyang culture, the King of Sanshan is actually “very vivid”, and he has to go to the fields to have a real feeling.
Wen Jianqin, associate professor of Hanshan Normal University, said that he was in href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Babaylan When telling students about Chinese cultural history and Chaoshan history and culture, they will use the Sanshan King as a case to analyze their cultural phenomena. The students are very interested and have developed related cultural and creative products.
Chin Lihua, a professor at Tsinghua University in Taiwan, mentioned that to let young people understand traditional culture, we must make good use of movies, short videos, music, comics and other young people’s Komiks‘s “discourse” method.
Fujian Normal University professor Lin Guoping summarized that folk beliefs such as the King of Sanshan are an important part of Chinese traditional culture and are precious cultural heritage left to us by our ancestors. They should be cherished more.
The Sanshan King of Sanshan Culture Documentary Premiered by the Flowers of the Flowers
The meeting also held the Sanshan King of Sanshan Cultural Chronicle “From the Three Mountains to the Four Seas” at the meeting.The documentary team went to Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Sanshan King Palace Temple in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan and other places in China to communicate with believers and relevant scholars, to record the inheritance and changes of the sacrificial culture of the sacrificial culture of the sacrificial culture of the sacrificial mountain, and to show the sacrificial kings. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>CinemaThe profound historical, humanistic and social values accumulated over the past thousand years of culture.
【Small Knowledge】Folk belief culture of “Three Mountains King”
The folk belief culture of “Three Mountains King” originated in eastern Guangdong and is now widely spread to Taiwan and Southeast Asia, and its spirit of “protecting the country and safe people, and maintaining the country and peace” has been respected by the people of all dynasties. Lintian Ancestral Temple, located in Jieyang, Guangdong, is the ancestral temple of the Sanshan King Palace Temple in the world. It was awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base” in 2023.
